Cairo: EEAA; El-Fishawi NM. Sea level changes and their consequences for hydrology and water management. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop, Noordwijkerhout; Session 4, p. Characterization of habitats in the northwestern part of Nile Delta. Adaptations to the impacts of sea level rise in Egypt. Climate Res. Hydrography and chemistry of Lake Manzalah, Egypt. Arch Hydrobiol. Faouzi H. Report on the fisheries of Egypt for the year Ministry of Finance, Egypt.
Fisheries statistics yearbook. The birds of Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Lagoons of the Nile delta, Egypt, heavy metal sink: with a special reference to the Yangtze estuary of China. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci. Hamza W. Differentiation of phytoplankton communities of Lake Mariut: a consequence of human impact. Bull Fac Sci Alex Univ. Estuary of the Nile. Wangersky ed , Estuaries; Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Springer Verlage, Heidelberg, pp.
Hereher ME. Khalil MT. The physical and chemical environment of Lake Manzalah, Egypt. Kossa AA. Effect of industtrial and organic pollution on potential productivity and fish stock of Lake Mariut.
Occurrence and distribution of chemical pollutants in Lake Mariut, Egypt. Heavy metals. Water Air Soil Pollut. Metal distribution in water and sediments of Lake Edku, Egypt. Egypt Sci Mag. Cities could only flourish in the Nile Delta, the Nile Valley, or desert oases, where people had access to water, land, and key resources. The ancient Egyptians, who were always keen observers of nature, often associated the Nile Valley with life and abundance and the neighboring deserts with death and chaos.
The dry climate of the desert, for example, made it an ideal location for cemeteries. Good preservation and the fact that most people do not live in the desert, are the main reasons that so much of what archaeologists and anthropologists study comes from a funerary context. View with the Nile River Valley in the foreground and the desert cliffs in the background. These two designations may seem counterintuitive to their physical locations, but they reflect the flow of the Nile River, from South to North.
The expansive floodplain of the Nile Delta and the very narrow band of fertile land present in the Nile Valley led to different ways of life. In the Nile Delta for example, the Egyptians constructed their towns and cemeteries on turtlebacks; natural highpoints in the landscape that became islands during the inundation.
In addition, the location of the Delta along the Mediterranean and at the entry point into the Levant made it an important area for trade and international contacts. The Delta was a very multi-cultural region throughout Egyptian history. Here you can see two Nile gods symbolically uniting the lands of Upper and Lower Egypt — each depicted in the form of their characteristic plant, the papyrus for Lower Egypt and the lotus for Upper.
The Egyptians constructed their calendar around the yearly cycle of the Nile. The Egyptians made Nilometers to measure and track the height of the annual inundation — they used the recorded readings from these Nilometers much like more contemporary farmers would use almanacs.
One particularly well-preserved example is located on Elephantine Island at Aswan. Discover the source of the Nile with real-life visuals and animated maps. A river is a large, natural stream of flowing water. Rivers are found on every continent and on nearly every kind of land. Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students. Skip to content. Image women and children on the banks of the nile The Nile River has been a central feature of life in northeast Africa for thousands of years.
Photograph by David Boyer. Twitter Facebook Pinterest Google Classroom. Encyclopedic Entry Vocabulary. The Nile River flows over 6, kilometers 4, miles until emptying into the Mediterranean Sea.
For thousands of years, the river has provided a source of irrigation to transform the dry area around it into lush agricultural land. Today, the river continues to serve as a source of irrigation, as well as an important transportation and trade route.
Blue Nile. Also called linseed. Nile River. White Nile. Media Credits The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. Media If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. Text Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service.
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